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Advancement

Advancing justice in AI-assisted proceedings

The Institute explores how technology is reshaping justice systems worldwide and develops policy recommendations to ensure that human rights are protected in AI-assisted court proceedings. Through research and cross-sector collaboration, we spotlight innovations, assess risks, and examine how technology is transforming the law, with a focus on fair trial rights and due process. Building on Amal Clooney and Philippa Webb’s award-winning book The Right to a Fair Trial in International Law (OUP, 2021), this pillar of our work asks: what does the right to a fair trial mean in the digital age?

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Our Projects

The AI Justice Atlas serves as an interactive resource for understanding the current use and regulation of AI in criminal proceedings. Designed for legal professionals, policymakers, researchers, and anyone interested in the intersection of technology and justice, the AI Justice Atlas illustrates how AI is being used in criminal proceedings in jurisdictions around the world and the legal standards and regulations that govern this.

As of October 2025, the map focuses on the use of AI by judges as well as some uses by prosecutors, defence counsel and other parties to criminal proceedings. The Atlas is a dynamic resource and is updated on a regular basis to cover additional jurisdictions, and later civil as well as criminal trials. The Institute will also assess the compatibility of the use of AI tools in court with international standards including the right to a fair trial.

THE AI JUSTICE ATLAS

Disclaimer & Acknowledgments

 

The AI Justice Atlas provides examples of the use and regulation of AI-based technologies in criminal proceedings across selected jurisdictions and is not intended to be exhaustive. The scope of the research is limited to express and identifiable mentions of AI in official sources and does not necessarily capture broader or implied uses or regulation. This tool also does not cover the use of AI in civil proceedings unless otherwise indicated.

The material collected in this mapping tool is intended for general information purposes only and must not be used as a substitute for professional or legal advice. It is updated periodically but may not reflect the most recent developments. The Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice, the University of Oxford, the Clooney Foundation for Justice, and their representatives, as well as the law firms and lawyers that have contributed to this mapping tool make no guarantees or warranties regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information provided in the mapping tool and exclude liability for any loss or other result arising from any reliance placed on information presented in this mapping tool.

The Oxford Institute of Technology and Justice is grateful to all those who contribute to the AI Justice Atlas. We benefit from the insights of judges, public officials, and other practitioners interviewed on the use of AI tools in their jurisdictions. We thank the following law firms and lawyers for providing legal information used to create the summaries in the Atlas and endorsement of these summaries. In particular we thank Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP (China, India, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States), Freshfields US LLP (Estonia, Spain, Turkey), Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia), Mr Nasser Al Osaiba of Global Advocacy and Legal Counsel (UAE), Mr Sanjeev Kapoor of Khaitan & Co (India), Paksoy (Turkey), Sorainen (Estonia), Webber Wentzel (South Africa), and Mr Wesley Mwafulirwa (Malawi).

 

 

ONLINE OPEN COURSE FOR JUDGES

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We are partnering with UNESCO, the Saïd Business School and the Oxford Faculty of Law on a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on AI and the Judiciary, launching in 2026. We will provide training to tens of thousands of judges on AI and access to justice, fair trial rights, and women’s rights. We are also working with UNESCO on forthcoming Guidelines for the Use of AI in Courts and Tribunals, including recommendations for jurisdictions seeking to integrate AI responsibly.

fair trial adviser

 

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With the support of Microsoft's AI for Good Lab and Office of Responsible AI, we are developing the Fair Trial Adviser – an AI-powered tool that will provide authoritative, practical guidance questions related to the fairness of trials.  With thanks to Oxford University Press, the leading textbooks The Right to a Fair Trial in International Law (2021, Amal Clooney and Philippa Webb) and Freedom of Speech in International Law (2024, Amal Clooney and Lord Neuberger, eds), are at the centre of the dataset for this tool.  Designed for judges, counsel, and parties, the Adviser will combine a user-friendly interface with ethical safeguards. As part of this work, we are also exploring formats like hackathons to co-design and stress-test the tool with potential users.

Global human rights repository

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The Institute is collaborating with HURIDOCS to develop a Global Human Rights Repository, a comprehensive database that will aggregate publicly available human rights information from international human rights courts and bodies. At the moment, human rights jurisprudence is scattered across dozens of databases, some behind paywalls. This creates a barrier to the accessibility of international standards for lawyers, judges, law students and others. This project aims to equip lawyers, advocates and academics with the data and analysis they need to advance human rights and pursue justice more effectively.

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Our team

 

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DIRECTOR AND PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

Philippa Webb

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SENIOR FELLOW AND PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Amal Clooney

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Oxford Lead

Lodovica Raparelli

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Daisy Peterson

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Co-Lead

Katharina Lewis

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Co-Lead

Nadine Reiner