Uzbekistan

Information uploaded as at September 2026

AT A GLANCE

Uzbekistan is at an early stage of engagement with AI in its justice system. Measures introduced, including the concept of a Digital Court and the Digital Prosecutor’s Office – 2030 will foster the digitization of the prosecutorial system. Law enforcement reports the use of apps and systems that provide operational support, Prosecutors and Defence are using tools assisting with legal research and analysis, and Courts are moving to a ‘Digital Court’. Training remains non-mandatory, though the National AI Policy flags capacity-building as a priority.

There is no national law expressly regulating the use of AI in criminal proceedings. However, Law No. ORK-1115 entered into force in January 2026, marking the first AI-focused legislation in Uzbekistan establishing a dedicated statutory framework for AI. Other existing general frameworks also apply, including data protection and privacy laws, cybersecurity frameworks, and constitutional protections of fundamental rights, alongside emerging national policies and guidelines on AI and data governance.

USE

Law enforcement

Operational support

The Mening Inspektori app (My Inspector app) is an official mobile application developed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to connect citizens directly with their local community prevention inspectors. It does so by allowing citizens to send emergency messages, photos, audio and videos and to communicate online with them. Police officers are equipped with tablets so they can receive oral reports of offences in real time, regardless of where they are or which unit they belong to. The app also provides services such as awareness promotion, trust contact numbers for government bodies, local news updates, and vacancy listings.

As at September 2026, it has been reported that Uzbekistan plans to introduce a facial recognition system, UzFace, in the capital’s railway system to verify passengers’ identities and launch AI systems to identify traffic violations committed by electric scooter riders.

Data review and analysis

‘Smart City’ is an integrated smart surveillance and analytics platform that unifies the emergency call service (102), video feeds and other digital data. The platform has 13 data centres, a single electronic map, 42,750 intelligent cameras, and 17 fire safety monitoring systems in operation.

In 2022, public sources reported that the Uzbek legislature was set to equip law enforcement with AI-based software enabling facial and fingerprint recognition. The Ministry of Digital Technologies and Legal Statistics, established in 2022 by Presidential decree, coordinates digitisation and AI deployment. AI is planned for integration into public order protection, crime prevention, and digital forensics, including video surveillance and navigation data. As at September 2026, implementation is ongoing; for example, video surveillance systems are currently being rolled out in Tashkent. The Ministry has established the Center for the Development of AI and Digital Economy responsible for conducting technical research on AI, developing ethical guidelines, and assisting ministries in deploying AI solutions.

Prosecutors

AI deployment by prosecutors in Uzbekistan remains limited as at September 2026. However, more broadly, Uzbekistan has embraced an initiative to digitally transform the prosecutorial system. In November 2025, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed a decree approving the ‘Digital Prosecutor’s Office – 2030’ Strategy, which seeks to foster transparency and efficiency in law enforcement through digital tools, data-driven oversight, and technological innovation. Among other things, the strategy aims to digitise criminal processes by introducing electronic case management systems and to achieve full automation of all prosecutorial functions by 2030, including law enforcement, justice, and public administration.

Legal research, analysis and drafting support

Prosecutors and other legal professionals have access to LexAI, a State-run legal AI assistant developed by the Ministry of Justice’s Legal Information Centre and integrated into the country’s database of legal acts. LexAI analyses queries, identifies relevant norms, links to legislation, and can draft documents.

Courts

Courts in Uzbekistan are increasingly digitising judicial processes through ‘Digital Court’ reforms, with courts transitioning to fully electronic case management. A key motivation for doing so is to broaden access to justice while improving court efficiency and reducing corruption. However, courts have not yet adopted widespread AI.

Case management

The my.sud.uz portal offers court users an AI-generated prediction of outcomes of court proceedings, with reported plans to offer a virtual assistant on the portal, supporting users and court staff with procedural and legal queries.

The Ministry of Justice has begun to integrate AI chatbot modules to assist public sector and staff personnel with rapid document workflows through E-huquqshunos (E-Lawyer).

Legal research, analysis and drafting support

Judges may use LexAI (see above). Private and commercial legal AI platforms are widely available in Uzbekistan and may also be used independently by judges. Examples include:

• Wakil AI: A multilingual legal ecosystem built on official databases that answers queries, cites local statutes, and connects users with lawyers.
• Yurist AI: A consumer and business-oriented LegalTech chatbot and app designed to break down civil, labour, and family codes into plain language.
• SafeLaw: An AI assistant providing automated contract risk-flagging and document drafting tailored to regional law.
• E-zakon: An online platform that provides accessible, digitised legal services and centralised access to the legislation database of Uzbekistan.

Defence

Legal research, analysis and drafting support

As at September 2026, there are no AI tools specifically available for, or aimed at, defence counsel in Uzbekistan. However, defence lawyers may use general legal AI tools, set out above (see ‘Courts’ section), for legal research. It has also been reported that lawyers in Uzbekistan increasingly use general-purpose AI models such as ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini in daily practice.

Defence lawyers may also use the State-run LexAI assistant, described above, for legal research and document drafting.

Victims

Victims are recognised participants in Uzbek criminal proceedings. Specifically, Article 55 of Uzbekistan’s Criminal Procedure Code sets out a victim’s rights to provide testimony, evidence, and obtain legal counsel.

Case management

As at September 2026, there are no AI tools aimed specifically at victims in criminal proceedings. General citizen-facing services, such as the my.sud.uz AI virtual consultant (providing access to case information, templates, and dates for court hearings online), may be used by victims.

TRAINING

As at September 2026, there are no systematic or mandatory training initiatives for judges, prosecutors, law enforcement, or lawyers on the responsible use of AI in practice.

However, optional programmes are available. For example, AI-related training has been provided by the government for lawyers through an online portal run by the Training Institute for Lawyers. In May 2026, a conference on ‘Prospects for the Implementation of AI in Legal Practice: A Comparative Legal Analysis’ was held at the Training Institute for Lawyers. This event considered the effective use of AI and the development of modern legal mechanisms. It brought together leading scholars, legal practitioners, representatives of the judicial system, IT specialists, and research institution staff.

More generally, the government has sought to increase general proficiency in AI and coding. In January 2026, Alison, a free online learning platform, announced a strategic partnership with Uzbekistan’s Digital Education Development Center and its platform, aileaders.uz, serving over 700,000 active users and aiming to reach 5 million learners. Through direct API integration, over 6,000 of Alison’s courses, spanning AI training, data science, and IT upskilling, will support the government’s new ‘Five Million AI Leaders’ initiative.

For future initiatives, Uzbekistan’s Digital Prosecutor’s Office - 2030 Strategy details a forthcoming Cyber Law bachelor’s programme at the Law Enforcement Academy, aiming to train legal professionals in law, data protection, technology and cyber security. Other initiatives detailed in the Strategy include:

1. Systematic digital literacy programs for all prosecutorial staff.
2. Continuous professional development in AI applications, electronic documentation, and data analytics.
3. Cooperation with universities and research institutions to foster innovation in legal technology.

The Law Enforcement Academy has also been developing AI-focused training for use in criminal proceedings.

REGULATION

In Uzebekistan, AI is regulated through targeted amendments to existing legislation, ethical rules for AI-based solutions, and a series of presidential and governmental strategies, concepts and resolutions promoting the adoption of AI across the State, including by the courts and law enforcement. General frameworks governing criminal procedure and evidence, data protection, cybersecurity and human rights also apply to the use of AI in criminal proceedings, as discussed below.

AI Regulations

Law No. ORK-1115 (2026)

On 21 January 2026, Law No. ORK‑1115 entered into force, marking the first AI-focused legislation in Uzbekistan establishing a dedicated statutory framework for AI. The law introduces additions and changes across existing legislative acts to address the growing use of AI technologies. It builds on the Strategy for the Development of AI until 2030 (discussed below). The Law stresses that the use of AI and information systems must cause no harm and respect fundamental human rights and adds a human-in-the-loop requirement when using AI.

A list of significant changes within the Law include:

• A new Article 71 is added to Law No. 560-II of 2003, entitled ‘Use of AI when creating information resources and in the operation of information systems’ . The new provision sets out two central principles: (1) information resources and systems using AI must not harm a person’s life, health, liberty, honour, dignity, or other inalienable rights; and (2) legally significant decisions affecting rights and freedoms may not rely exclusively on AI-generated conclusions, introducing a human-in-the-loop requirement aligned with global AI regulatory trends.
• Modifies Article 121(1) of Law No. 560-II to create administrative liability for unlawful processing of personal data using AI and its dissemination via mass media, telecommunications networks, or the Internet.
• Article 462 of the Code on Administrative Liability is supplemented with a new part 2, imposing fines of 50 to 100 basic calculation unit and confiscation of items constituting the offence. This translates general data protection principles into AI-specific liability, recognising heightened risks from AI-enabled processing and dissemination.

The Ministry of Digital Technologies, as the specially authorised state body, has also been given functions under the Law, including:

• Creating conditions to attract investment in the AI sector;
• Developing technical infrastructure for data processing by state bodies using AI technologies; and
• Organising training, retraining and advanced professional development for AI specialists.

Ministry of Justice, Ethical Rules for AI-based Solutions (2026)

In March 2026, Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Justice approved the Ethical Rules for AI-based solutions. The Rules, which are of general application and not specific to lawyers, set out principles and requirements governing the development, deployment, and use of AI-based solutions, and define the rights and obligations of all participants in the AI ecosystem.

The Rules establish the following key ethical principles for AI technologies and systems:

1. Legality;
2. Priority of protecting the interests of the individual, society, and the State, as well as the environment;
3. Comprehensibility;
4. Responsibility and control;
5. Fairness;
6. Openness and transparency; and
7. Data protection, reliability, and security.

The Rules specify areas where decisions must not be based solely on outputs from AI-powered information systems. In particular, AI should not be relied upon to make legal decisions affecting human rights and freedoms, and healthcare decisions such as diagnosing diseases or determining treatment methods. Developers and implementers of AI technologies must inform users of the purposes for which an AI solution may or may not be used, that AI outputs are not infallible, and that results should be treated as advisory or informational only.

The Rules also set out the respective rights and duties of all parties involved in the creation, supply, and use of AI systems:

Ministry of Internal Affairs, Concept Implementation and Development of AI Technologies in the Activities of the Internal Affairs Agencies (2024)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted (under Presidential Resolution No PP‑358) the Concept Implementation and Development of AI Technologies in the Activities of the Internal Affairs Agencies (2024), to implement the national AI Strategy (discussed below). The Concept outlines a phased programme for embedding AI across operational, investigative and administrative functions of the internal affairs bodies, with explicit provision for tools that affect criminal proceedings. The main law enforcement initiatives include:

1. AI tools that integrate video monitoring, satellite navigation and other sensors into a central command platform for real‑time force and resource management. Smart surveillance will identify wanted persons, vehicles and unlawful conduct, while automated systems will enforce traffic rules using number‑plate and biometric recognition and run smart driving tests.
2. For crime prevention and investigation, the Concept proposes Big Data platforms that fuse operational data from state bodies and public networks with image and speech recognition to forecast criminal acts and support investigative decisions. Dedicated tools will search for criminally relevant information, auto‑detect and block fraudulent or extremist content online, and enhance forensics through 3D scene scanning, pattern‑linking of similar crimes and AI inference of phenotypic traits from DNA.
3. Predictive analytics will build GIS‑based models linking space, time, offences and individuals to prevent crime and support hot‑pursuit operations, including live profiling from camera feeds and deep‑learning forecasts of social and crime trends. These feed smart operational dashboards that monitor situations and recommend responses to managers and duty officers.
4. Internal tools will automate public service forms and appeals, detect irregularities in service delivery, and run smart document and performance‑discipline systems. AI will support recruitment, training and psychological assessment via automated selection, virtual‑reality training and automated legal‑review systems, while cybersecurity tools will monitor, detect and respond to attacks on the Ministry’s IT infrastructure using known threat frameworks.
5. In the longer term, the Concept envisages autonomous AI drones for public security, robotic complexes for prevention and e‑services, event simulation of possible offences, automated training and documentation, and eventually AI systems approaching human‑level reasoning and emotion.

Strategy for the Development of AI (2024)

In Presidential Decree PQ‑358 of 14 October 2024, the President of Uzbekistan adopted the Strategy for the Development of AI until 2030, seeking to ‘create favorable conditions for the implementation of artificial technologies in the social sector and economic branches’. The Strategy sets out five priority objectives: (1) building a legal and ethical framework for AI; (2) deploying AI across economic and social sectors (notably banking, healthcare, agriculture, energy, transport and digital government services); (3) improving standards and international cooperation; (4) developing technical infrastructure for AI-based data processing; and (5) expanding AI skills and human capital.

The Strategy also establishes a Center for the Development of AI and the Digital Economy, with privileged access to State agencies’ information systems, and creates a mandatory ‘Big Data’ registry requiring named ministries to supply 25 categories of data (including substantial volumes of health imaging and diagnostic data) to the Ministry of Digital Technologies, subject to personal data protection and anonymisation requirements.

Following the adoption of the Strategy, the country made the use of AI in the judiciary a key priority, as evinced by a Cabinet of Ministers July 2025 resolution on AI priority projects for 2025-2026 and a legally binding Presidential Decree on Additional Measures to Improve Access to Justice through the Introduction of AI Technologies into Court Activities of August 2025. This is the principal instrument regulating the use of AI by the courts.

• The Cabinet of Ministers Resolution: The Cabinet of Ministers Resolution approved AI priority projects within various ministries and departments. Among others, these priority projects focus on the development of AI for clinical decision-making, prediction of crop yields, forecasting of pharmaceutical needs, and aerospace monitoring. The Uzbek government further plans to introduce a facial recognition system, UzFace, at Tashkent’s railway stations to verify passengers’ identities as well as introduce AI systems to identify traffic violations committed by electric scooter riders.
• The Presidential Decree: The Presidential Decree sets out the priorities for introducing AI into the work of the courts. These include a transition to electronic case management under the ‘Digital Court’ concept; expanding interactive e-services; building the technical infrastructure needed for AI in the courts and improving the related regulatory framework; and continuously improving the digital literacy and skills of judges and court staff, including through research on ‘cyber law.’ Specifically, under the Digital Court concept, AI is to generate a forecast of the likely outcome and cost of proceedings before a claim is filed; parties are to file applications electronically, participate in hearings remotely and access the full case file online; AI is to prepare real-time text transcripts of hearings; and draft judicial acts are to be generated automatically. The Decree provided for Digital Court courtrooms to be piloted in Tashkent by the end of 2025 for economic, civil and administrative disputes, followed by a phased roll-out of the concept across all courts in 2026–2027. The pilot therefore does not, at least initially, extend to criminal cases.

Guidelines for practitioners

As at September 2026, there are no guidelines for Uzbek practitioners specifically focusing on the responsible use of AI in their practice. Uzbekistan’s Rules of Professional Ethics for Advocates (2013), adopted by the Conference of the Chamber of Advocates of Uzbekistan, guide lawyers’ ethical conduct in Uzbekistan. Although not AI-specific, the Rules prohibit lawyers from giving clients assurances or guarantees that may create unfounded expectations as to the outcome of a case (Article 31), and from guaranteeing that a client’s claims will be satisfied (Article 42). These provisions may be directly impacted once AI case prediction tools are implemented in the Uzbek court system. Moreover, the Rules require lawyers to be honest and conscientious, to act in a timely and competent manner and to continuously expand their legal knowledge (Article 9), and prohibit them from accepting instructions beyond their real capabilities (Article 12). These obligations may be construed as requiring lawyers to check AI-assisted research and submissions for inaccuracies.

As at July 2026, Uzbekistan does not appear to have formally adopted the UNESCO Guidelines for the Use of AI Systems in Courts and Tribunals (2025).

Criminal procedure rules

Criminal Procedure Code (1995)

The Criminal Procedure Code 1995 contains general evidentiary rules that would govern AI-generated or AI-reviewed material in Uzbek proceedings. For example, under Articles 94 and 95 of the Code, a decision in a case may be based only on evidence that has undergone thorough and objective verification, and prosecutors and the court must evaluate each item of evidence for relevance, admissibility, and reliability. These requirements apply to all participants who gather or rely on evidence and would extend to material produced or analysed with the assistance of AI tools.

Law on Digital Evidence (2024)

In 2024, with the Law on Digital Evidence, Uzbekistan recognised digital evidence as equivalent to physical evidence and documents in legal proceedings. The law defines digital evidence as electronic data containing information pertinent to a case, such as electronic files, audio and video recordings and internet-based information. It requires that digital evidence may be used only if its integrity and authenticity are ensured, and that copies are admissible only if the originals are available. Although the law does not mention AI, the authenticity concerns would also apply to the admission of AI-generated evidence, including suspected deepfakes.

Data protection legislation

Law on Personal Data (2019)

The Law On Personal Data is the main data protection legislation in Uzbekistan and applies to the processing of personal data. The law defines, among other things, data subjects’ rights, sets requirements for data controllers and processors, mandates data localisation, and introduces consent, security, and registration obligations to ensure lawful and transparent data use. Although the law does not contain any AI-specific provisions, data protection may increasingly come to the forefront as AI tools are integrated in the public and private sectors.

Code on Administrative Liability (1995)

The Code on Administrative Liability establishes liability for unlawful processing of personal data using AI technologies and for their dissemination in mass media, telecommunication networks or on the internet. Violations are punishable by an administrative fine of 50–100 base calculation units (approximately USD 1,690–3,380) and confiscation of the instruments of the offence.

Cybersecurity laws

Law on Cybersecurity (No. ZRU-764) (2022)

The 2022 Law on Cybersecurity regulates the field of cybersecurity in Uzbekistan and defines concepts such as cybercrime, cyberspace, cyber threat and critical information infrastructure. The law does not mention AI, but the information systems used by courts, prosecutors and law enforcement, including AI-based systems and the data they process, are subject to its security requirements. The Law defines a cyber threat as a set of conditions and factors in cyberspace that threaten the interests of the individual, society, and the state, and a cyberattack as an intentional act in cyberspace, carried out using hardware and/or software, that threatens cybersecurity (Article 3). The law states that persons who breach cybersecurity legislation are liable in accordance with the law (Article 37). Criminal liability for computer-related conduct is set out principally in the Criminal Code, ‘Crimes in the field of information technologies’, the provisions on which criminalise unauthorised access to computer information, and the production for sale, or sale, of special means for gaining unauthorised access to computer systems and telecommunications networks (Article 278).

National Cybersecurity Strategy (2026)

The 2026–2030 National Cybersecurity Strategy (Presidential Decree No. 38) supplements the Law on Cybersecurity in the AI context by further directing the development of AI‑based cyber‑security technologies, establishing dedicated cyber‑security units, requiring multi‑factor authentication for key online services, and mandating independent vulnerability assessments of critical infrastructure, all of which will constrain how AI systems are designed, deployed and secured in Uzbekistan.

Human rights

The Constitution of Uzbekistan 1992 enshrines several fundamental rights that could be construed to limit or regulate the use of AI in criminal proceedings. These include the presumption of innocence (Article 28), the rule that a person may not be convicted if a confession is the only evidence against them (Article 28), and the right to privacy (Article 31). Reliance by investigators, prosecutors or courts on opaque or biased AI outputs could be challenged by reference to these guarantees. These provisions also protect victims of data breaches or cybercrime as a result of the use of AI.

Articles 18 and 19 of the Criminal Procedure Rules can additionally be relied upon to protect any violations made to the privacy, dignity and human rights of the participants in the criminal proceedings.

Uzbekistan is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’). Relevant rights include: the right to a fair trial, to judicial independence, and to express one’s views and have them considered in legal proceedings (Article 14 ICCPR); the right to non-discrimination (Articles 4 and 14 ICCPR); and the right to privacy and information self-determination and data protection (Article 17 ICCPR).

Uzbekistan has also ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which contains relevant provisions, including:

• Article 40 – Juvenile justice: requiring that a child alleged, accused of, or recognised as having infringed the penal law be treated in a manner consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity and worth, reinforcing respect for the human rights of others, and taking into account the child’s age and the desirability of reintegration.
• Article 16 – Right to privacy: providing that no child shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with their privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on their honour and reputation, and that the child has the right to the protection of the law against such interference.

Outlook

Uzbekistan is poised to foster AI innovation and integrate the technology across its economy and public service. Specifically, the Strategy for the Development of AI (2030) makes clear that the country takes the advance of AI seriously and seeks to foster an environment where AI solutions are developed and adopted: by 2030, the Strategy seeks to ensure that at least 10% of public services are powered by AI. The Strategy has been followed by various implementing measures, including a Cabinet of Ministers resolution on priority AI projects for 2025–2026 and another 2025 Presidential Decree fostering AI projects in various state bodies, including courts by way of the Digital Court concept (see ‘Use’ section above).

Several initiatives relevant to the regulation of AI in criminal proceedings are expected to take effect in the near future. By the end of 2026, Uzbekistan plans to implement AI technologies as part of more than 60 priority projects. These include:

1. At Tashkent’s railway stations, the UzFace facial recognition system is expected to be introduced.
2. Development of an AI model to improve satellite image accuracy.
3. A driver monitoring system for public and freight transport (detecting drowsiness, phone use, etc.).
4. AI system for automatic drafting of court rulings.
5. Regulatory legal analysis platform for citizens, lawyers and judges.
6. A system to identify individuals by clothing, hair colour and objects in hand using computer vision.
7. A legal assistance module will be developed for citizens, including a tool for calculating court costs.
8. A platform will be developed for analysing regulatory legal documents for citizens, lawyers, legal professionals and judges, along with a system for recording court proceedings in Uzbek language with speaker separation.

CASES

As at September 2026, there are no reported cases on the use or misuse of AI in Uzbek proceedings.